1 Why was King James II deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
A) He lost a major battle in Scotland.
B) He tried to establish an absolute Catholic monarchy.
C) He had no legitimate heir to the throne.
D) He voluntarily abdicated to avoid conflict.

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2 Why was Prince Charles Edward initially not seen as a major threat?
A) He had very few supporters upon arrival in Scotland.
B) He had already lost several battles in England.
C) He lacked financial resources for an army.
D) He was captured before he could raise an army.

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3 What was the main reason the Highland army retreated from England in December 1745?
A) They were running out of supplies.
B) They were confronted by British forces and failed to gain English support.
C) Their leader, Prince Charles Edward, was wounded in battle.
D) They were ordered back to Scotland by the French king.
 

4 What was one major disadvantage the Highland army faced at the Battle of Culloden?
A) They were heavily outnumbered and poorly supplied.
B) They had no experience in warfare.
C) Their cannons were more advanced than those of the British army.
D) Their commander, Lord George Murray, betrayed them.
 

5 How did the Duke of Cumberland prepare his troops for battle against the Highland army?
A) He recruited additional soldiers from France.
B) He used spies to weaken the Highland army before battle.
C) He trained his soldiers to fight with broadswords like the Highlanders.
D) He taught them a new bayonet drill to counter Highland sword tactics.
 

6 Why was the battlefield of Culloden poorly chosen for the Highlanders?
A) It was a narrow valley with no room to maneuver.
B) The ground was too muddy for a cavalry charge.
C) It left them exposed to Cumberland’s artillery fire.
D) It was too far from their supply lines.
 

7 What happened to the Highlanders after the battle?
A) They fled to England and continued fighting.
B) They were granted amnesty by the British government.
C) They were hunted down, and their way of life was suppressed.
D) They regrouped and launched another rebellion within a year.
 

8 Why was the Duke of Cumberland initially celebrated but later criticized?
A) He refused to fight in future battles.
B) His troops were too lenient towards the Highlanders.
C) He was caught collaborating with the French.
D) His harsh treatment of the Highlanders earned him the nickname ‘The Butcher.’
 

9 How did the Battle of Culloden impact Britain’s future?
A) It led to the end of monarchy in Britain.
B) It ended French interference in British affairs and allowed for global expansion.
C) It forced Britain into another war with Scotland.
D) It resulted in the immediate independence of Scotland.
 

10 What is one modern perspective on the Battle of Culloden?
A) It was a clear battle of England against Scotland.
B) It proved that Prince Charles Edward was a great military leader.
C) It involved more Scots fighting against the Highlanders than for them.
D) It had no lasting impact on British history.